Overhead Sports Injuries

The Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament (IGHL) complex is a key stabilizer of the shoulder during abduction and external rotation.

• HAGL (Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament) is a tear where the IGHL detaches from the humerus.
• GAGL (Glenoid Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament) involves detachment from the glenoid.

These are less common but significant causes of instability, especially in athletes with no labral tear but clear episodes of dislocation or subluxation. MRI can help identify these injuries. Surgical repair is often necessary, particularly for high-demand athletes. Post-operative care includes protection, gradual mobility restoration, and sport-specific rehab.