Overhead Sports Injuries

Internal impingement is a condition where the undersurface of the rotator cuff (especially the supraspinatus and infraspinatus) impinges against the posterosuperior glenoid and labrum during extreme abduction and external rotation. It is common in throwers during the late cocking phase. Symptoms include posterior shoulder pain, tightness, and reduced performance. Diagnosis is clinical and supported by imaging showing partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears or labral changes. Treatment is usually non-surgical, emphasizing posterior capsule stretching, rotator cuff strengthening, and scapular control. Persistent or structural causes may need arthroscopic debridement or labral repair.