Shoulder dislocation (instability)

Posterior labral tears are less common than anterior ones and typically result from posterior dislocation, trauma, or repetitive micro-instability—often seen in athletes such as football linemen or weightlifters. These lesions may present with vague posterior shoulder pain, clicking, or weakness, especially in flexed and internally rotated positions. Diagnosis is confirmed using specialized physical tests (jerk test, Kim test) and MRI arthrogram. Treatment includes arthroscopic posterior labral repair using suture anchors and sometimes capsular plication to tighten the posterior capsule. In cases of posterior glenoid bone loss or failed soft tissue repair, posterior bone block techniques may be required.